What is Income Poverty

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight the alleviation of multi-dimensional poverty in the global development agenda. Yet, for nearly two decades, the link between tourism and poverty alleviation has mainly been framed around the pro-poor tourism (PPT) approach, which aims to increase ‘net' tourism benefits to the economically poor population. While the narrow focus on income-based poverty in PPT has received much criticism, alternative frameworks for research and practice that are capable of lifting the tourism-poverty link beyond the orthodox economic-centred approach have not received sufficient attention. In response, this chapter presents a conceptual framework amalgamates poverty alleviation and development-tourism genera, and the three key underpinning theoretical concepts of global citizenship, sustainable livelihoods, and social entrepreneurship. This framework facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the development-tourism-poverty alleviation nexus, and offers new pathways to enhance tourism's contribution to Goal 1 of the SDGs.