Pharmacological Treatments of Parkinson's Disease: Preventing and Curing Approaches

2. Pharmacological Treatments Of Non-Motor Symptoms Of Pd

The non-motor symptoms (NMS) are neuropsychiatric disorders. NMS are more frequent in patients with a larger number of years of PD diagnosis and in older patients. It can be present at any phase of the disease, with early, premotor phases or finally leading to disability. Two causes are possible; the disease itself or drug-induced symptoms of mental disorders. The NMS contributes impaired quality of life, to severe disability, and shortened life expectancy as well as patient and caregiver’s well-being are affected. The most common NMS in PD are, anxiety, depression, psychosis, sleep disorders, pain, fatigue, autonomic dysfunction (Fernandes et al. 2021). The incidence of the both disorders in PD anxiety and depression varies considerably across different situations (Sauerbier et al. 2017). In this part, we developed the pharmacological treatments of anxiety, depression and psychosis.

The conventional pharmacotherapy treatment for NMS of PD is the anti-Parkinsonian medications in general; they are administered as first-choice, such us. levodopa, dopamine agonists, amantadine, anticholinergics, and monoamine oxidase type B inhibitors (MAOBIs). (Choi et al. 2020).