An Investigation of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mortality Risk Using Machine Learning

An Investigation of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Mortality Risk Using Machine Learning

Sapna Singh Kshatri, Sameer Sharma, G. R. Sinha
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9831-3.ch001
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Abstract

Septic shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure are all possible complications of the illness. In this work, machine learning is used to construct and assess mortality risk models that were evaluated (both positive and negative). The authors employed machine learning to gather information about 51,831 individuals (of which 4,769 were confirmed cases of COVID-19). The data collection comprises data from the next week (47,401 tested and 3,624 confirmed COVID-19). It is still uncertain if the SVM classifier ensemble can beat single SVM classifiers regarding the number of positive and negative predictions made in COVID-19. This investigation will investigate the accuracy of ensembled SVM and simple SVM on small and large COVID-19 datasets. The ROC, accuracy, F-measure, classification, and calculation time of SVM and SVM ensembles are evaluated and compared. According to the data, linear-based SVM performs the best when used as a bagging strategy. When dealing with tiny datasets that need feature extraction during pre-processing, bagging and boosting SVM ensembles may benefit.
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Introduction

Today, the world is thinking about coronavirus sickness, which suggests that this pandemic is not unique. Recently, the world has seen remarkable advancements in technology, which plays a vital role in industrialized countries. Nowadays, all aspects of daily life, including education, business, marketing, armies, communications, engineering, and health care, rely on modern technology applications. The health care centre is a necessary profession that relies largely on current technology, from symptom definition to precise diagnosis and computerized patient triage. Healthcare companies urgently need decision-making systems to manage this virus effectively and get appropriate recommendations in real-time to prevent its spread. AI is very adept at simulating human intellect. It may also be critical in comprehending and recommending the creation of a COVID-19 vaccine. This outcome-driven tool is used to evaluate, analyse, forecast, and follow existing and potential future patients. Significant apps are used to keep track of verified, recovered, and wrongful death instances (Vaishya et al., 2020). Strict societal controls, along with current testing, have proved adequate to substantially decrease pandemic numbers, though not to the point of eradicating the virus. Indeed, breakouts are risking a second wave throughout the globe, which was much more destructive in the case of the Spanish flu than the first (Barro et al., 2020). And they often need patients to stay separated for many days until the desired outcome is achieved. In comparison, our AI-based pre-screening technology can check the whole globe daily, if not hourly, for a fraction of the cost. In terms of storage, the everyday rapid diagnostic ability in the US fluctuated between 5 million and 823,000 tests a week times today to July 13, 2020. However, other experts predicted that by June, the demand for 5000,000 tests a day would increase to 20 million per day through July (Tromberg et al., 2020). Our tool's infinite output and actual diagnostic capabilities may aid in intelligently prioritizing who should be examined, particularly in asymptomatic patients. In an assessment of 9 commercially available COVID-19 serology tests, sensitivities ranged between 40% and 86%, and AUCs ranged between 0.88 and 0.97 in the initial stage (7-13 days after the start of illness symptoms) (La Marca et al., 2020). Meanwhile, our technique with an AUC of 0.97 obtains a sensitivity of 98.5 percent.

Records are a significant strategic asset for nations in the digital economy, enhancing governments' abilities to handle social concerns and deliver good public services. Big data technology is used to assist a wide range of health-care operations, disease surveillance, and global health management including the clinical decision support, (Feldman & Martin, 2012). Big data technology, which analyses patient attributes and nursing expenses, has the potential to improve healthcare quality, save lives, and cut health-system expenditures, among other things. The most clinically cost-effective treatment methods may be determined through the use of big data analysis technology to analyse patient files. Through the gathering and analysis of medical procedure data, it is possible to identify individuals who may benefit from preventative care or lifestyle alterations, and the most advantageous patient nursing plans can be developed. In order to forecast epidemics, issue pandemic alerts, monitor and trace sick people, uncover potential pharmaceutical cures, and optimize resource allocation within the health system, significant data technologies are used (Ginsberg et al., 2009).

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