The oil and gas industries are the largest sector that contributes to the economic value of a nation. The petroleum business impacts the transportation, energy, electricity, production and manufacturing systems. Broadly speaking, the oil and gas industry is divided into two parts: upstream and downstream. At the upstream level, there are exploration and production (E&P) activities. At the downstream level, he is responsible for processing and transportation from oil and gas wells to further processing companies or directly to consumers. Companies at the downstream level carry out the work of refining, storage and sales. Where all these activities involve complex infrastructure.
To carry out the operations of the oil and gas industry activities, adequate equipment is needed both at the upstream and downstream levels. At the upstream level, offshore platforms and drilling pipes are needed. At the middle and downstream levels there are processing industries, equipment such as heat exchangers, compressors, boilers, pressure vessels and cooling towers are required. The transport system is required to bring crude oil and gas either to be sent to further processing or distributed throughout the world. As a result of aggressive environmental conditions, equipment that supports these activities may fail, especially those made of metal. Failure can be in the form of fracture, corrosion and erosion of the equipment parts. Corrosion can occur at very fast or slow speeds depending on the composition and the amount of elements in contact with the metal. The corrosion mechanism and the construction of the building also determine the way in which the metal is damaged. Studying corrosion in oil and gas environments is important for knowing when a building will fail. This will make it easy to take precautions and preparations in the event of a sudden breakdown.