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Due to Covid-19, a large theme for IT-enabled services in hospitals has emerged, including the dissemination of Covid-19-related information, digitalized processes to reduce infection risks, the sharing of information amongst health professionals, telemedicine, and IT-specific initiatives taken by hospitals (Yan et al., 2020). Advanced digital technology has been increasingly used by health facilities to enhance effectiveness, efficiency, and service quality. The computation system of BPJS Kesehatan enables first-tier health facilities to refer patients to advanced levels online. Some hospitals have implemented electronic decision support systems that are integrated into electronic medical records to assist physicians in making more precise therapy decisions according to clinical guidelines using electronic prescriptions.
In 2022, the digital health income in Indonesia is expected to increase to $973 million (Erlangga, 2019). As the digital tools of the health ecosystem in Indonesia grow, businesses are applying new and existing technologies to improve healthcare. Indonesia still has the opportunity to grow within digital health and room for further investment to advance the way health services are delivered (Connect, 2020). Investments in technological equipment in the healthcare environment come in the form of administrative technology, clinical technology, and patient medical information systems (Gu et al., 2018). Furthermore, the use of patient health data or records also needs to be managed to bring convenience when patients change health services (Dinisari, 2020). Vertically integrated health systems are where services are structurally integrated from the level of influence—namely, practice places, doctor organizations, and hospital networks through joint ownership or joint management (Machta et al., 2019).