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TopRemote obstetrics systems have been in operation for a number of years, and their medical and cost effectiveness are well studied (Kerner, Yogev, Belkin, Ben-Haroush, Zeevi, & Hod, 2004). A recent survey paper by Magann et al. provides a good overview of this area (Magann, McKelvey, Hitt, Smith, Azam, & Lowery, 2001). However, there has been relatively little research done on the security of such systems.
There has been work done on the security of related systems. Body sensor networks (BSN) (Chen, Gonzalez, Vasilakos, Cao, & Leung, 2011) and mobile health (mHealth) (Avancha, Baxi, & Kotz, 2011) systems are a growing trend of healthcare monitoring research that is characterized by the use of inexpensive off-the-shelf components, like smartphones, to build health monitoring systems. Given the importance of security, there has been extensive research on BSN (Ng, Sim, & Tan, 2006) and mHealth security (Kotz, 2011). Unlike our work, most security research in this area addresses more general security threats, and do not focus on specific HIPAA requirements.