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Top2. Preliminaries
Anchor-based Street-and Traffic-Aware Routing (A-STAR) is having aware about the physical environment or nodes around the vehicles. The protocol can take good routing decisions. Packet header consists of a list of junctions (anchors) that the packet must traverse. A-STAR depends on GSR. A-STAR also provides traffic density information to weigh the streets of the scenario inside packet info (Seet et al., 2004).
Connectivity-Aware Routing (CAR) algorithm is divided into three stages: (1) Searching location of destination node position and path to reach destination node, (2) use this path to transmit packets, and (3) maintaining the connection between nodes due to the mobility of vehicles (Naumov & Gross., 2007).
GPCR eliminate node planarization by using a planar graph. In this planar graph, nodes forward packets in both greedy as well as perimeter mode and stop at given junctions where a decision will be taken about which next road segment to turn into (Lochert et al., 2005).
Contention-Based Forwarding (CBF) (Fussler et al., 2007) is position-based unicast forwarding, without neighborhood knowledge. The forwarding decision is based on the actual position of the nodes when a packet is forwarded. The Packet is forwarded from source node to other or destination node in position based routing is done based on the local GPS location of the nodes (Füßler et al., 2003).