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Top2. Background Concepts
In this section, the leading paper domains are briefly defined.
Industry 4.0 (I4.0) refers to transforming "traditional" industries by incorporating the Internet of Things, Data, and Services (Kagermann, 2016). Since the report of the Industrial-Sciences Research Alliance Working Group was presented to the German Chancellor and the Industry 4.0 Platform was launched at the Hannover Messe in 2013, the term Industry 4.0 has been used to symbolize a paradigm shift. A Fourth Industrial Revolution is where supply chains, manufacturing processes, maintenance and delivery systems are connected via the Internet. Rigid value chains are being transformed into highly flexible value networks.
The industry 4.0 environment's manufacturing equipment will collect data about their identity, production, and statistics. It is possible to control all these manufacturing equipment using networking, enabling all the factory machines to communicate.
The six design principles of Industry 4.0 are:
- 1.
Interoperability (the ability to connect systems using Internet of Things standards for communication);
- 2.
Virtualization (sensor data is linked with virtual plants and simulation models).
- 3.
Decentralization (Embedded computers are capable of making decisions by themselves)
- 4.
Real-time talent (all data should be gathered and analyzed in real-time to address maintenance issues)
- 5.
Service orientation (functionality is provided through encapsulated web services)
- 6.
Modularity (the system must be adapted to changing needs by replacing or extending one or more components).
Industry 4.0 aims to seamlessly integrate processes in a smart, cyber-physical factory and extend the horizontal and vertical integration within an industrial organization. Industry 4.0 is concerned with the potential transition from the manufacturing dominance of machines to digital manufacturing. This industry's focus will extend beyond the consolidation of horizontal operations within a single industrial firm; it is to create a seamless integration of operations within a sensible cyber-physical manufacturing process.
Components of Industry 4.0 arranged by priority: