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Top1. Introduction
The fight against environmental degradation has been a challenge for National and International Organizations, as it has been for most governments in the world, as expressed by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP, 2011). In this manner, a close relationship between trade and the environment has been fostered, where the connection is debated, given that the mismanagement of natural resources affects an entire planet, for this reason, from the 1960s onwards, they introduced this problem with great relevance within the themes of the global agenda.
First, the concern for the administration of resources has been gaining strength in international relations, after the middle of the 20th century, when spaces are open in the global agenda to discuss environmental issues. The first organization to develop a summit for the environment was the United Nations through the Earth Summit in Stockholm (1972), where it is intended through international cooperation, to mitigate climate change and environmental degradation in the planet. This would be considered as the turning point, for what is nowadays known as sustainable development.
Environmental degradation and rapid exploitation of natural resources require a solution and support from various institutions. Globalization today facilitates this link. Likewise, it generates interdependence between the different countries, which, through international cooperation, would mitigate the negative environmental effects, under a commitment on the part of the nations to produce sustainable economic development, as expressed by the United Nations.
There is no doubt that science and technology play an important role in the development of the productive forces, but it cannot be lost sight of that they are not autonomous; on the contrary, its role in development is exercised from certain socio-economic parameters (Shumpeter, 2004). Consequently, the proper use of techniques and tools, such as green technologies in industrial production, can mitigate or prevent the destruction of the environment. For this reason, a radical system is required that motivates and demands the use of machinery that respects the environment and generates sustainable economic development.
One of the areas of innovation that is crystallizing interest in Morocco today is “green” technologies, according to the UNESCO Science Report: Towards 2030, which appeared just a year ago. Deprived of hydrocarbons, Morocco has decided to become the African leader in renewable energies by 2020. A total of 19 million dirhams (approximately 2 million US dollars) have been mobilized in favor of six research projects in the field of solar thermal energy, following agreements concluded between the Institute for Solar Energy and New Energies Research (IRESEN) and scientific and industrial partners.
Several Moroccan industrial sectors are affected by this new measure. These include the automobile, parachemistry, electricity and fertilizers. Textiles and the food industry could also be affected. It is also necessary to prevent from now on the possible impact that the carbon tax could have on the competitiveness of the activity. For the time being, while Moroccan economic operators are awaiting more details on this mechanism, on the institutional side, we are actively preparing for it. Beyond the constraints that this would create for industry and for export, it could also be an opportunity to strengthen the competitiveness of the Moroccan origin and give an image of a carbon-neutral industrial production destination.
This paper opens up a more positive vision of green technologies in the Moroccan industrial processes, by showing that this recently known system is eco-efficient and allows not only the sustainable development of countries such as Morocco, but also economic development by promoting competition.
The remainder of the research article is organized as follows. In section 2, the research framework is presented. A review of the literature on industrial processes, green technology, importance of green technologies, green technologies in industrial processes, green technology, development, industry and environment in Morocco, and empirical studies in green technology implementation are stated in section 3. The research methodology, which includes the research approach and the research method is presented in section 4. Results and analysis explained in section 5. Finally, the conclusion and discussion as well as recommendation and future research are described in section 6.