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Top2. Literature Review
The major advantages gained from adopting e-government applications are cost savings, the ease of use and usefulness of such technology (Lee, Kim & Ahn, 2011). Also, it improves customer service, and the process of gathering and publishing information. Such process will aid public officials in their decision making, create a centralized decision making procedure, eliminate inefficiencies and cost redundancies (Evans & Yen, 2006). Research tried to reach an agreed upon definition of e-government but failed because of the diversity of such domain. E-government is a topic researched by more than one area like business administration, social sciences, political science, public administration and the technology disciplines. Some researchers considered it as simple as providing public service via the Internet (Sharma & Qian, 2012), while others embedded complex services under such concept (Abu-Shanab, 2013). E-government is considered by research as a tool for providing electronic information and services to citizens (Alshehri, Drew & Alfarraj, 2012).
Recent views of e-government indicated that it is a phenomenon that interfaces with citizens in many aspects. Electronic government is defined as using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to enhance government’s operations, provide suitable services to citizens, and improve citizens’ participation (World Bank, 2007; Yanqing, 2010; Abu-Shanab, 2012). Mason (2011) emphasized the notion of citizen’s participation in the political arena, while others related e-government to the provision of information and knowledge to make suitable decisions in the political life (Lee, Chang & Berry, 2011). E-government can be classified also into two major directions: the supply side and the demand side. The supply side is related to the actions taken by governments, where the demand side relates more to citizens’ acceptance (Lim et al., 2012). E-government is classified into three major categories: the relationship between the government and its citizens (G2C), the relationship between the government and businesses (G2B), and the relationship between the government and its employees (G2E) (Al-Naimat, Abdullah, Osman & Ahmad, 2012).