Fundamentals of DNA Computation in the Domain of Cryptosystems

Fundamentals of DNA Computation in the Domain of Cryptosystems

Adithya B. (f51844e1-5690-4bbc-afd8-22e81de10298, Santhi G. (a711be60-0dcf-43de-a46b-b0de7a16eb7e
Copyright: © 2023 |Pages: 19
DOI: 10.4018/IJISSC.322395
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Abstract

In the modern world of e-business and e-commerce, security of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA triad) of stored information along with transmitted data is essential. In cryptography, DNA cryptography is a newly emerging discipline arising from the work of DNA computing. The idea of DNA cryptography is based on DNA molecules capable of storing, processing, and transmitting information. The biological history of DNA cryptography and the theory of DNA computation are briefly described in this article. In comparison to traditional cryptography and quantum cryptography areas, DNA cryptography progresses via security and its applications. The primary objective of DNA cryptography research is to study the DNA molecule's features and reactions, create appropriate hypotheses, discover potential development pathways, find simple DNA cryptography implementation methods, and lay the groundwork for future growth.
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Biological Antecedents

There are two biological antecedents:

  • 1.

    Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) preliminaries

  • 2.

    DNA Technologies as follows.

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA is an acronym for Deoxyribonucleic Acid, which in all lifestyles is a plasmatic insect. DNA is a type of biological macromolecule made up of nucleotides. Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) or Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G), which are four nucleotide organisms, each have just one base. This is how single-stranded DNA is built: the 5' termination is termed 5', and the 3' termination is termed 3'. In nature, DNA is usually found as double-stranded molecules. Two complementary DNA strands are kept together by hydrogen bonds formed between the complementary bases of the A and T (or C and G) strands, as shown in Figure 1 (Adithya & Santhi, 2019). Watson and Crick discovered the double helix structure. Watson-Crick complementation (Watson et al., 1987) is the name given to the complementary structure. The researcher's work, which reduced biology to chemistry and marked the beginning of biology in the second part of the century, is one of the greatest scientific triumphs of the 20th century (Seeman, 2004). As mentioned in Table 1, few scientific biological concepts should work with DNA computing and cryptography.

Figure 1.

Structure of DNA

IJISSC.322395.f01
Table 1.
Biological concepts of DNA computing
Basics of DNADescriptions
CodonCodon is a triplet-form sequence of three nucleotide bases.
GeneGene is the functioning DNA subunits. Specific set of instructions to be carried by every gene to code a certain protein or functions. It includes both coding DNA series (exons) and non-coding DNA series (introns).
ChromosomeChromosome is a broad structured DNA structure coiled around proteins, and includes genes, regulatory elements, and other sequences of nucleotides. The chromosomes can consist of long gene strings.
GenomeGenome is an organism's unique sequence that includes a cell's DNA content, nucleotides, proteins, and chromosomes.

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