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There are many ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) systems development which being implemented currently as one of IT (Information Technology) strategies. ERP systems are often being called as a set of software packages that support each other through process-oriented information platforms where the operational activities inside is for achieving organizational effectiveness and efficiency. ERP system helps the company on integrating every business process thus its productivity level can increase (Poba-Nzaou & Raymond, 2013) (Nwankpa, 2014). ERP system involves many different business areas, such as manufacturing, human resources, financial, sales, and other areas (Boza, Cuenca, Poler, & Michaelides, 2015). The ERP system implementation can provide competitive advantage value but also has a high risk to the company.
In terms of technology, the ERP system features complexity level is one of the biggest failures where the system’s user has to understand each ERP system features function at first before they are actually using it. This thing has an influence on information system infrastructure’s composition. The compatibility level between ERP system technical components which is developed through enterprise resources management does not have maximum synchronization. Consequently, the company should reconsider ERP system benefit when the system has disruption. In terms of organization, company must be able to deal with business issues occur within organizational structure that will affect the ERP system implementation. Lack of employee involvement on conducting operational activities within the company may result in less organized management decision-making process. Furthermore, the company large scale and business processes complexity can become problems when company develops ERP system. Consequently, the company become less control over the business process sustainability because the transactions that need to be processed becomes more. In terms of environment, the tight global competition requires faster and real-time information distribution. By the time, the company's competitors are growing fast with the support of ERP system where more detailed information can be obtained by competitors. It becomes one of the company's requirement to implement an ERP system in a short time. Company’s external parties (such as investors, and other stakeholders) who are less supportive to an ERP system development can lower the business performance and value within the company. Hence, ERP system adoption’s intention plays a critical role within the successful ERP system implementation.
One of the palm oil processing companies that implements the ERP system is PHG (Permata Hijau Group) which located in Medan, Indonesia. The company hasn’t found a strong reason for employees to adopt the ERP system. Thus, TOE (Technology-Organization-Environment) modeling is appropriate to analyze the importance of ERP system adoption within the organization (Awa, Ukoha, & Emecheta, 2016), such as PHG. This TOE modeling involves technology, organization, and environment aspect that must be considered in IT strategy achievement which is aligned to the business strategy in PHG.
The questions which will be answered as the problem formulation within this research is whether the technology context affect the ERP system adoption’s intention? Does the organizational context affect the ERP system adoption’s intention? Does the environmental context affect the ERP system adoption’s intention? Hence, this research study aims to identify the important factors that affect the ERP system adoption’s intention in PHG Medan.