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Heritage buildings are historically unique by nature and require specific attention to their architectural element (Al-Sakkaf et al., 2020). According to UNESCO, the World Heritage is divided into Natural, Cultural, and Underwater Heritage (Toubekis & Mayer, 2009) (López, Lerones, Llamas, Gómez-García-Bermejo, & Zalama, 2018). From the beginning of history, all civilizations have focused on building up unique buildings for different purposes other than regular residential buildings (Giovine, 2019). Thus, these buildings have been modeled for a long time in ancient eras and modern eras as well (Boehm et al.,2018). The modeling process had been carried out for many purposes, for instance, religious, cultural, logistic, etc. The modeling process was subjected to the currently available technology (Lerones et al., 2018) (Calneryte et al., 2018).
In the last 40 years, the building modeling process has been computerized by using the available technology of the current software and computers (Sargent, 2011). Building information modeling (BIM) was developed a lot from the starting point to currently, and it keeps designed along with the development in information technology and hardware industry. That development in the BIM field encouraged whoever is interested in both modeling and humanitarian heritage (Tulenheimo, 2015). According to Stengel & Schultmann 2014, the idea is to using BIM not only in modeling the heritage buildings but also in the maintenance and rehabilitation process. As well as in managing and operating procedures. Furthermore, BIM will be used in checking the durability of the heritage building and current bearing capacities of the heritage buildings against the current affecting loads due to the changed surrounding circumstance and new purposes of usage (Macías-Bernal et al., 2017).
The biggest challenge in using BIM in the heritage field is that the nature of heritage buildings and the construction material used in these buildings (Boehm et al.,2018 & Al-Sakkaf et al., 2019). According to Valiulis, 2014, around 200 years BC until the mid of 1800s, the concrete was commonly used in special buildings like citadels, lighthouse, temples, governmental buildings, etc. while the majority of the residential buildings were made from other building materials such as wood, mud, leather, trees branches, etc. (Khalil & Stravoravdis, 2019). Maio (2017) argued the main use of concrete was as a binder among the building rocks, which were probably rocks. It means that the construction system and load paths are entirely different from the current buildings in which BIM technology is adapted with that (Lu et al., 2017); (Sakin & Kiroglu, 2017).
The most important objective of this research is to develop a critique of the previous studies conducted on the fields of Heritage Building Information Modeling (HBIM), the relevant software and equipment used in those studies, as well as case studies and applications used to validate HBIM capabilities. In addition, another purpose of this research is to establish a literature review framework for heritage building information model (HBIM) that can be used to develop a new approach in heritage conservation in terms of visualization, digitalization, and simulation.