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Top1. Introduction
The most critical and valuable amount of data such as business data has been stored in relational databases. Relational database management system (RDBMS) is a DBMS in which data is saved in tables and the relationships among the data are saved in tables. The data can be reassembled and accessed in many different ways without change the table forms. Most commercial RDBMS uses a structured query language (SQL) to access the database. With more and more data being stored in relational database, it has become crucial for users to be able to search and browse the information stored in them. Keyword search in relational databases enables ordinary users, who do not understand the database schema and SQL, to find the connected tuple sets among the tuples stored in relations, with a given set of keywords. The existing methods of keyword search in relational databases can be broadly classified into two categories that are schema based method and graph based method.
In schema based keyword search in relational database, it has a common method that is generating candidate network in schema graph transformed from relations. Data is stored in the form of columns, tables and primary key to foreign key relationships in relational databases. According to develop the schema graph, we illustrate two schema graphs as examples. Figure 1 shows the schema graph of publication database from DBLP dataset. The movies database schema graph of IMDB dataset shows in Figure 2. For a given keyword query, the logical unit of answers needed by users is not limited to an individual column value or ever an individual tuple. It may be multiple tuples joined together. Given keyword search in relational databases, generating minimum joining tuples sets of relations that contained keyword is called candidate network (CN), such as SQL. A candidate network must satisfy the two conditions, total and minimal. Because it is meaningless if two tuples in a candidate network are too far away from each other, the maximum numbers of tuples allowed in a candidate network are needed to specify (Yu & Qin, 2010).
Figure 1. Publication database schema graph
Figure 2. Movies database schema graph
Suppose user wants to get the papers written by “Jinlin Chen” from DBLP database. The system generates the relevant CNs, such as Person ⋈ Relation-Person-InProceeding ⋈ InProceeding, with multiple tuples from different relations joined by foreign keys. Generating all valid candidate networks that are called connected tuple trees (CTTs) by joining tuples from multiple relations. There are many connected tuple trees that can be results for the query. These results are not surely useful to the user. We need to compute a single score for each CN in order to rank the relevant results. So, a ranking method is essential for getting user satisfaction. For the ranking method, some systems considered each text column as a collection and each value in the text column as document by using IR weighting methods. The results are ranked according to a final score that is obtained by dividing the sum of all these scores by the number of tuples in the tuple trees. These methods can help improve the keyword search quality in relational database.