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Top1. Introduction
Movement, emotion and cognition are three concepts in the field of sports psychology (Nesti et al. 2013) and play important role in the sports competition and training, such as tennis sports. The movement refers to the action or activity that an organism completes by means of the nervous system,bones, muscles, joints and other motor organs (Cust et al. 2019). Emotion is a kind of attitude experience of whether the objective things meet their own needs (Delbrouck et al. 2020). Cognition refers to people's understanding of objective things. Exercise connects emotion and cognition closely (Raab et al. 2019). Emotion is produced in the process of sports, whose source is sports. In turn, it can affect the quality and effect of sports. Cognition comes from movement and is the basis of emotion. Therefore, we must make a serious study of sports, emotion and cognition for both sport technology and sport competition.
The research has found that emotion is controlled by the autonomic nervous system (Morris et al. 2020). Autonomic nervous system is a part of the whole nervous system. Its main function is to control the digestion, respiration, circulation, reproduction and other visceral activities of organism, and regulate the functions of viscera, smooth muscle and gland. The autonomic nervous system is controlled by the cerebral cortex. It reaches the internal organs through the spinal cord. People show many physiological reactions in emotional state. Respiration, circulation, bone, muscle, internal and external glands, as well as metabolic process, will have obvious changes. For example, in the emotional state of excitement and tension, breathing speeds up and deepens, heart beats strengthen, blood vessels dilate, blood pressure rises and blood sugar increases. Anxiety can lead to the decrease of blood sugar, muscle relaxation and digestive gland activity. In short, the physiological changes caused by emotion have a significant impact on the completion of sports. It cannot only make the organism fully mobilize, maximize the exercise potential, but also lead to muscle stiffness, movement deformation or muscle contraction weakness, thus affecting the completion of sports. The competition emotions can be classified as three categories: the movement emotion for fighting, the overheated status of competition, and the indifferent status of competition.
In the movement emotion for fighting (Poma et al. 2017), the physical state of the sportsman reaches the most suitable level for the competition, the physical function is brought into full play, and various psychological factors are at the best level, the technique movement coordination, the labor saving, the high movement effect.
In the overheated status of competition (Archer et al. 2020), the athletes are over excited, out of control, uncoordinated, hands and feet tremble, thirsty and frequent urination.
In the indifferent status of competition (Reitz et al. 2017), the athletes are lack of physiological energy, slow movement, slow thinking, depression.
The inverted U theory (Chmiel et al. 2017) points out that both very high and very low wake-up levels of the movement emotion are unfavorable to the operation, and the appropriate wake-up level of the movement emotion is considered to be the most favorable for the operation. The high arousal level is necessary for endurance, strength and speed movement to achieve the best performance. The general attention operation of high arousal will interfere with complex skills, fine muscle activity, coordination, and stability. For all motor tasks, slightly higher than average arousal is more appropriate.