A Probabilistic Optimal Power Flow in Wind-Thermal Coordination Considering Intermittency of the Wind

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Nomenclature

Dispersal degree Variation coefficient Donor vector of t-iteration Two independent identical variables Global best solution Social factor Cognitive factor Random number between [0, 1] Heavy tail Lévy-flights Randomly drawn samples from the Gaussian stochastic distribution Evenly distributed random numbers within an interval [0, 1] Acceleration coefficients of PSO Inertia weight of PSOTop

1. Introduction

The high rate of fossil fuel depletion and devastating pollutant effects from fossil-fuelled power plants attract researchers into renewable energy-based power generation for socio-economic growth (Kharchenko and Vasant 2018). Wind accounts for the largest share of renewable energy in the environment and has an exceptional role in producing of cleaner power (Kharchenko and Vasant 2019). In recent years, the wind power unit has been integrated along with the conventional thermal unit (CTU) to ensure the economic balance of power production cost and also to maintain a pollution-free, clean environment (Kharchenko and Vasant 2019). When the wind energy conversion system (WECS) is integrated with CTU, the formulation of optimal power flow (OPF) becomes more complex because the intermittency of wind introduces more constraints and additional cost functions into the OPF problem (Hetzer et al. 2008). In order to uphold a balance between economic and environmental concerns of electrical power productions, it is necessary to formulate a probabilistic OPF (POPF) framework that deals with a significant number of probabilistic aspects in view of production and economy concerns of power imposed by the intermittent wind.