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In the mid of 1800s, teachers used blackboard and chalk as learning tools. In 1990s, blackboard and chalk began to be replaced by whiteboard and marker. Along with the development of technology, classrooms in 2000s are equipped with computer and projector (Yulianto, 2013) (see Figure 1). The development of learning tools and instructional media are progressing rapidly. It is expected to have positive impacts in delivering more effective learning to students (Bochicchio, 2004). A teacher in the classroom is required to create a comfortable learning atmosphere for his students, so that they can learn in expected quality (Eggen, 2012). A teacher must be also able to control the flow of materials delivered in his class.
Figure 1. Classroom with Computer and Projector
There is a phrase states “if learning content is a king, then infrastructure is a god.” Infrastructure in teaching-learning is important because having adequate technology as learning tools is already become a requirement (Muhson, 2010; Anderson, 2004). Nowadays, teachers are able to present not only through their computers but also through their smartphones (Anderson, 2005; Ha, 2014). Problem arises when a teacher or group of students want to display multi-presentation (can be from many devices) to a single projector screen simultaneously, so there is no need for switching the screen and students can see at once. There are many courses that need the multi-presentation mechanism, such as drawing, architecture, fashion, game, multimedia, and design.
Currently, there are limited expensive devices produced on the market that support multi-presentation in a single screen. For example, WePresent (WIPG) is available on the market that cost between US$400 and US$940 depends on the specification (Amazon, 2016). Many educational institutions have to pay dearly for implementing multimedia classroom technology to support multi-presentation. Not all educational institutions can afford or willing to pay it (Yulianto, 2011). Apple TV is cheaper that costs US$70 but only can support single presentation and relies on Apple platform (Amazon, 2016).
Previous related researches shown that teachers can connect multiple-devices to a single whiteboard with GUI but not multi-presentation (Rekimoto, 1998; Rekimoto, 2000), single-display groupware for co-present collaboration (Stewart, 1999; Anderson, 2006; Greaves, 2009; Turunen, 2013; Lim, 2013; Suppers, 2014; Chandra, 2014), presenting through Tablet-PC integrated with PowerPoint (Anderson, 2004; Simon, 2003), presenting with laser-pen/led-pen and camera/sensor (Choi, 2003; Yulianto, 2014), implemented digital ink (Anderson, 2005; Anderson, 2007; Wilkerson, 2005; Cao, 2014), recordable (Yulianto, 2014; Wolf, 2007), optimized connection through Wi-Fi (Hsu, 2014; RaoT, 2015) and integrated with NFC (Nagasawa, 2014). There is no study conducted found for wireless simultaneously multi-presentation from smartphone.