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TopNodes in mobile ad hoc network are power operated and they are located in such an environment where information needs to be relayed from one point to another point in the absence of a base station. Sometimes, it is impossible to charge the batteries of remotely located nodes .Therefore, power saving nodes are to be needed to increase the lifetime of the network.
Due to availability of less number of resources and power capacity, maintaining an ad-hoc network becomes a significant technical challenge before the researchers(Hannan et al., 2000)(Sharma et al., 2015). Moreover, these characterstic impose restrictions on the network in terms of connectivity of nodes and efficiency of packet transmission. Numerous researchers have been focusing on designing various routing protocols those extend the lifetime of a mobile node and minimize the power consumption of entire network(Wu & Harms, 2001)(Perkins & Hughes, 2002)(Punde et al., 2003)(Johnson & Maltz, 1996)(Sharma & Goel, 2005)(Pathak & Kumar, 2017). In the existing power routing protocols, the maximum number of nodes participate for packet transmission from source node to destination node and minimum number of nodes remain in idle mode. These algorithms and schemes are collectively known as ‘power-aware routing’ protocols. Some of the power-aware existing routing protocols have been described below:
Power-aware source routing (PSR) is one of the power aware routing protocol which is based on dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol(Sharma et al., 2015). It balances the traffic load inside the network. This protocol tries to balance the load in the network.Therefore, it may choose the path, whose power consumption may be high. Moreover, PSR uses DSR, therefore, there will be time wastage in forming the route.
Minimum Total Power Protocol (MTPR) is another power routing protocol which selects the next node on the basis of shortest path between its neighboring nodes. The neighbor node is the node which is selected to be the next node. Thus, the total transmission power consumption is minimized for sending the data packet from source node to destination node (Johnson & Maltz, 1996). Therefore, maximum numbers of nodes participate for data transmission in MTPR.It always selects its nearest neighbor node.Therefore, it leads to network congestion problem.